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afghan wars
Значение термина afghan wars в knolik
afghan wars - Afghan Wars
afghan wars - The extension of the British dominion in India, coupled with fears of Russian aggression, led to wars between Great Britain and Afghanistan in 1839-42 and 1878-9. A further war broke out in 1919.
In 1839 Great Britain decided to restore the ex-ameer, Shah Sujah, whose place on the throne had been taken by Dost Mahomed. Under Sir John Keane an army marched through the Bolan Pass, entered Kandahar, and saw Shah Sujah crowned. The only serious resistance came from the fortress of Ghazni, but on July 21 it was successfully stormed.
In 1841 seven British officers were murdered in Kabul, and on Jan. 6, 1842, the garrison, which included 8, 000 Anglo-Indian troops, surrendered on condition that they were allowed to return to India. A treaty was signed and the retreat began. In a pass between Kabul and Jalalabad all the troops and their followers, 16, 000 men, women, and children, were overwhelmed and murdered, one man alone, Dr. Brydon, escaping. The Afghans followed the way to India, but General Sale held Jalalabad against them. An Anglo-Indian army forced the Khyber Pass, relieved Jalalabad, and in Sept. occupied Kabul, where it was joined by a column from Kandahar, which the British garrison had refused to surrender. At the end of the year Afghanistan was evacuated.
Shere All and Russia
In 1875 the British Government, alarmed for the safety of the Indian frontier, requested Shere Ali, the ameer to allow a British agent to reside at Herat. After some negotiations he refused, and in July, 1878, signed a treaty placing Afghanistan under the protection of Russia. The viceroy sent a mission to Afghanistan, but this was not allowed to enter the country, and war followed.In Nov., 1878, three Anglo-Indian armies took the field. One entered Kandahar; a second occupied Jalalabad; but the third, under Roberts, reaching Kuram without opposition, there found an army of Afghans in a formidable position on the Peiwar Kotal. Roberts led a force round the enemy's flank, and on Dec. 2 drove them in headlong flight. On May 26 the treaty of Gandamak granted the British demands.
On Sept. 3 following, Sir Louis Cavagnari, the British representative at Kabul, and his staff were murdered. Roberts, sent there at once with an army, defeated the Afghans and entered Kabul. He remained there for nearly a year, engaged in almost constant hostilities. In July, 1880, a British force met with disaster at Maiwand, near Kandahar, and there followed the siege of the British garrison in that city. Roberts was ordered to avenge the loss, and with 10, 000 men, marching over 300 miles in three weeks, he defeated the Afghan army outside Kandahar on Sept. 1. British prestige was restored, and Abd-ur-Rahman, the candidate favoured by the Anglo-Indian authorities, eventually became ameer.
In May, 1919, Amanullah Khan began a campaign against the British, his troops crossing the frontier at several points in the Khyber Pass district.
Having seized three points in the hills N. of the Khyber, the Afghans advanced to Ashrafi Khel, and threatened Landi Kotal. Sir Arthur Barrett, commanding the British forces on the frontier, drove the enemy from the neigh-bourhood on May 9, and marching into Afghan territory occupied Dakka Fort, 10 m. N. W. of Landi Kotal. On May 16 the Afghans attacked Dakka in force, but were repulsed. Next day they were again defeated on the hills W. of the fort. On May 21 Jalalabad and Kabul were bombed from the air. The Afghans started an offensive in the Tochi and Gumal valleys, and a force of 3, 500 Afghans attacked Thai Fort in the Kurram Valley, but these efforts failed. Amanullah made overtures for peace; a conference was held on July 26 at Rawalpindi, and peace was concluded on Aug. 8, the ameer forfeiting the subsidy of £120, 000 a year which the Indian government had previously paid.
Рядом со словом afghan wars в knolik
| afganistan | В начало буква "" буквосочетание "" | afmadu |
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