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aqua-fortis

Значение термина aqua-fortis в knolik

aqua-fortis - aqua-fortis
aqua-fortis - Aqua-Fortis is a name originally given by the alchemists, and is dilute nitric acid.

Simple or Single Aqua-Fortis

Distil 2 lb. of saltpetre and 1 lb. of copperas.

Double Aqua-Fortis

Saltpetre, 6 lb., copperas, 6 lb. in its usual crystallised state, together with 3 lb. calcined to redness.

Strong Aqua-Fortis

Copperas calcined to whiteness, and white saltpetre, of each 30 lb.; mix, and distil in an iron pot with an earthenware head.

Nitric Acid or Spirit of Nitre

White saltpetre, 6 lb.; oil of vitriol, 1½ lb.; distil into 1½ pint of water.

Dilute Aqua-Fortis

Strong nitric acid 1 oz. by measure, and water 9 oz. by measure.

Compound Aqua-Fortis

Double aqua-fortis, 16 oz.; common salt, 1 dram; distil to dryness.

Nitric acid is a colourless, transparent liquid having a specific gravity of 1.52; it freezes at - 55° C.; boils at 86° C.; fumes in the air, and when mixed with water evolves heat. It attacks and oxidises most metals, except gold, platinum, and some of the rarer metals. With many kinds of organic matter, strong nitric acid, if the temperature is kept down, forms what have been called nitro-substitution products, one, two, or three atoms of hydrogen being removed from the compound, and being replaced by an equal number of nitryl (NO₂). Some of these compounds are of great importance: thus from benzol C₆H₆) is formed nitro-benzol (C₆H₅ (NO₂) used in the manufacture of aniline. With phenol or carbolic acid (C₆H₆O) is formed tri-nitro-phenol or picric acid (C₆H₃ (NO₂)₃O). From cellulose, which is cotton or similar fibre (C₆H₁₀O₅) is obtained tri-nitro-cellulose C₆H₇(NO₂)₃O) or gun-cotton.

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